History

•Decide what objects in your bedroom would help you determine who you are.

In age of ever developing technology, people can research and find out the answer to pretty much anything by using search engines such as Google. If i was trying to determine who I was, the first thing i would do would probably be looking at my phone and then going to Facebook. Access to social media would allow me to take a look at any previous photos i have posted and the people i took them with. Other objects that can be used to determine who I am would be looking around my room, to see what I have that can help, this would include certain photos I have, the type of clothing, any sports equipment, books and different types of technology.

•What problems would you experience when trying to do this?

Maybe the devices i use might have passwords and i would not remember them but due to the new technology i could even use my fingerprint in order to access my phone. Another struggle could be which person to trust to guide me into remembering who I am or trying to shape my understanding of the person i was before, since people will vary in their answers in the perspective they will look at me.

•How are they similar to those facing an historian?

Even though a historian does need to have access to new technology in order to explore things necessary to hi/her research, they use their already available resources which have been previously found and use their observation and understanding skills more often as a way to benefit their job as a historian.

•How good is your memory? How reliable is it as a guide to the past?

People's memory can vary, however from a certain age, most likely at the age of 10 people can retain memories better and anything before that, can just be simple glimpses to certain memorable/special moments.How reliable my memory can be as a guide, can be affected as I get older, memories tend to change and be modified as I try to remember them, certain aspects, factors and new experiences might give new explanations and different perspectives into my memories.

•Would you be more inclined to trust an autobiography, or a biography written by an historian?

Both types of biographies have the power to write whatever they think a certain person did from their perspective, it would be hard to stay objective and staying away from the use of descriptive language, so they would have to stick to pure facts and events which happened to a person's life. Therefore, a biography made by a historian could be more reliable to an extent as they are classified experts in their areas of focus whether it is a particular period, geographical regions or something similar.

•To what extend do you think people learn from their mistakes, or tend to repeat the same mistakes?

People already learn from most of their mistakes, but decide to still make the same actions which leads to those mistakes even while knowing the consequences. A real life sample of people often repeating their mistakes would be a study participants watched a collection of moving dots on a screen, and then used their eyes to indicate the direction in which they thought the majority of the dots were traveling. And when both made mistakes, they took longer to make their next decision, but there was no real change.

•‘Who controls the past controls the future, who controls the present control the past.’ Orwell, 1903-1950.

•‘Those who don’t study the past are condemned to repeat it.’ Georges Santayana, 1863-1952

•‘The only thing we learn form history is that we learn nothing from history.’ Hegel, 1770-1831

•Which one do you agree with the most and why?

I agree with Georges's quote the most as by learning history, we can examine and analyze the different decisions that people have previously taken and to what road it lead to, or what consequences came of it. It can help by avoiding the repetition of a situation or a mistake that 

What is the social function of history?

•History enables us to know, and understand better, our fellow human beings.

•History prepares us to face the problems of the contemporary world.

•History is part of man’s continuing attempt to understand (and control) himself and his environment, physical and social.

Feminism

What is the role of language in creating and reinforcing social distinctions, such as class and gender? 

By using language, one can create and reinforce social distinctions in class and gender. The making of labels by people can create a discussion in the way that it creates conflict and disagreements among a large number of people. A word can have different meanings depending on the person, everyone can have contrasting perspectives which leads people into arguments into which one fits better or represents the significance in the word better. 

Depending on how you use language, it can create social distinctions by creating a separation of people by class. If you use slang, broken English or a different dialect deviating from the standard English, people can create assumptions of a person by telling them that they are not educated, not smart, or that their ideas and thoughts dont matter/have a meaningful impact on anything. While the people who use standard English would betaken more seriously when expressing their opinion on something. 

Human Sciences AOK

Perception: 

Expectations can heavily influence observations as if the person has certain expectations or standards whether high or low it, they will demand results of equal level of quality or meeting in expectation. It also depends on the situation one is in the place and the person who is making this observation. An example of expectations and observations can be when a friend tells me about a certain country and how is in relative poverty, with all the population having a very low standard of living, however when when i go to that place expecting everyone to live on shanty towns or something, i find out that they just dont have enough to buy a 42 inch T.V. So this relationship depends on the person, place and and situation relative to perception. 

Language:

The language used by people in polls can definitely influence conclusions. It of course depends on the person, situation and place like many of these areas, however one person might use such language with figurative and persuasive techniques and influence the audience's perspective on something or someone. The person speaking can avoid the use of facts by just outright using ethos and pathos to get into people's minds and deviating them from the truth or another valid point, so they can believe in their created argument. One example of language being used would be the media persuading and spreading rumors to the people to change their opinions on Trump when it was rumored that the polls might have been hacked by Russians, therefore creating a change in perspective form the people and possibly leading to a change in the outcome or conclusion. 

Emotion: 

Human sciences can tell us about emotions in the way that the study of human science deals with a lot of human interactions. Therefore areas of study such as psychology can help us better understand how a human functions in terms of their actions, their decisions and why the make such choices when they are influenced by a certain factor. This section in the ways of knowing links a lot to the stud of psychology and how people show such emotions with different types of language like body language, hand gestures or just communicating verbally, then linking such actions back to certain experiences or previous events which influenced such emotions.

Mathematics:

One cannot fully study human behavior purely from statistical analysis or in a mathematical method, even though there ways in which have already been incorporated in order to rank country in terms of their happiness level and quality of life such as the HDI and GDP which takes into account the standard of living. Even though it is just an average just taking monetary values and other things like gender equality, it never truly gives an actual quality of life for all people and making it into a number or statistic is very inaccurate. The definition of this can vary with people's perspective and opinion while there might also be a difference where such indicators like GDP and HDI might have a significant difference in terms of regional disparities within the country, like rural vs urban which could differentiated a lot, therefore even if the measurement and indicators were an accurate representation of happiness, the overall average of a country's standard or living would be completely inaccurate. 

Natural sciences:

Natural sciences differ from that of human sciences, as the first one focuses more on the environment, how different ecosystems work together, the different kids of biomes around the world, how it all came to be, and how humans influence and take part in the world by interacting with such wild life and different areas in which we use to gather resources and further knowledge. A modern example of natural sciences can be the current search for earth-like planets around the universe, capable or hosting human life, the advancements in technology to how to feed the overgrowing world population and how to deal and minimize global warming and climate change. Human sciences interacts more with the psychological side of humans, how we interact with other people, why we do the things we do and how the mind works. This is all neurological and includes studies which people can use in order to know, predict and manipulate/persuading people in current events, whether it is running for president or just simply getting people to buy their products through targeted advertisements.

Religion:

Beliefs can definitely influence human sciences, depending on what religion you belief in or if none at all, it can show it the one one thinks, and reacts to certain things. As an example, the theory of evolution can be applied. If a person is very religious and doesn't belief in evolution, he/she might be close minded and would not be open to new ideas and technological advanced shown to try and prove otherwise. Even though this might not be an accurate representation of everyone in the same religion it can be served as an example. One might develop their ideas differently, taking different routes to reach a conclusion, based on their knowledge and beliefs on certain things.

The arts:

Knowledge gained about humans from art and literature can vary from that in the other as in these mediums, people can use to represent fictional or non-fictional observations about humans. In literature or art, the author or artist may glorify a certain group or event that happened in history. It is said that a picture is worth a thousand words, however it is not said how different people can have different interpretations of those one thousand words, therefore these sorts of medium not being accurate or unambiguous when it comes to interpreting human reactions and behavior based on certain factors which influence them.

History:

Yes, human scientists need to know about the history of their subjects as it could include different perspectives and approaches to the same thing. Which can provide modern scientists with more possibilities, support and information necessary to tackle new problems or have a basis in which to begin a new hypothesis or a continuation in research. Previous generations can provide a new way of thinking or a fresh take on the same area of concern, it can help the scientists to know how things came to be how they are now, the different stages or events that happened to lead to what would be modern. To know why humans did such actions before can also tell the scientist more information and a way to sort of match said emotions or reactions to previous ones or say if it is an evolutionary thing that happens. 

Natural Sciences

Human sciences is the study of human relations, understanding the function of humans physically and psychologically. It is the investigation of human life and activities collected through a methodology which includes data from observations and sensory experience. It studies how human actions are affected by the environment around them as well as with their interaction with other human beings.

We can observe the human mind and their responses to things by looking at their respected evolutionary biological responses.
you can know what people are thinking by looking at their current situation, previous, or recent relations and experiences as well as looking at at their facial expression which can tell a lot about the person.

Should politics be concerned with truth? 

Politics should be concerned with truth as this sector of a country is a very important part which influences decision-making of the current problems people face. People need to be aware with whats happening in the world in order to adapt to change and have a say in things. Truth cannot be hidden away in politics as it creates certain misinterpretations with the image of certain groups or people. Truth has to be to some greater extent be incorporated and taken into account when talking about politics, as it is an area which affects a lot of people and their actions.

To what extend can political rhetoric be free of propaganda?

Propaganda in the area of politics can be very influential, and affects people's opinions towards something or someone depending on their perspective. Political propaganda can be very powerful and influential when it come to self-promoting, or trying to set an image or a popular opinion on an idea or a person. It can be empowering to look at and spread awareness towards a certain topic but it can also be used to form a resistance against something. It can often be very opinion based and be very symbolic in the way that it can make an accurate representation of a person by converting it to something they represent or that stands out in them. Finally, it can also be used negatively by spreading rumors which could be false and therefore manipulate certain targeted groups of people for a purpose. 

Claims

What constitutes the scientific claim and differentiates it from the other claims is that one has to go through a process and a specific method to back up the claim and be able to carry it out and support it with analysed experiments and facts.

• When a man and a woman both have sicke-cell anemia, it is dangerous for them to have children. 
• A live, non-insulated electric wire is dangerous to touch.
• Driving after drinking alcohol is dangerous

These three quotes can be defined as scientific claims as they fit in the subject of science. The way these three quotes can fit in the category of scientific is that they have a clear mentioning of the cause and consequence of a particular action or doing. The claim makes sense and can be carried on with experiments, can be analysed and have a clear conclusion to be backed up with numerous facts from previous proven scientific methods and theories.

These claims must have come up through the upbringing and rapid development of science as well the new discoveries which harm humans such as different diseases and where a cure can be developed. The upbringing of new technology makes people wonder and form their own individual scientific methods to wonder if something is safe or not, or if will or will not.

Other types of methods which can be made to prove a certain claim can be the creationist method, bringing up a conclusion and then trying to back it up with whatever facts that can be found. Even though this might not be the most reliable method to come up with a proper result, it is still a method in which one can carry out and back up their claim. Some of the claims which fit this thinking can be "cutting a tree in the forest without performing certain rites is dangerous".

The Scientific Method

The scientific method has been a very important procedure for us to falsify hypotheses and therefore create a statement that can be described as scientifically proven. Scientifically proven is when no one has proven that statement wrong, therefore being 'most likely true'.

People often think that if something is scientifically proven, it would definitely be right, however this claim can be rejected as it just means that is hasn't been proven wrong. The scientific method is made up of an observation, reasoning and an experiment, and in order for the hypotheses to not be falsified and have reliable data, the scientific method has to be repeated and checked independently by numerous other people. This process would then decrease the chances and probability of it being unreliable. If one's hypothesis or claim has not received experimental confirmation, the it wouldn't be scientific but it doesn't exactly mean its false.

However the scientific method even though many people believe and claim for it to be reliable, it is not exactly 100% truth. One can say that during the experiment or the process, the person just failed to prove it wrong, and this conclusion is rather untrustworthy when looking at all the different things people as consumers, buy and sell without questioning.

Natural Sciences

What are natural sciences?

how do the natural sciences gain knowledge of the world? consider these:

what are the roles of previous knowledge and current conjectures, or hypothesis?

can you recall a specific experiment in science?

what does the researcher do with the results? 

Natural sciences can be the study of different aspects of the environment and the world around us, these including certain specifics such as geology, biology, physics and chemistry. With current procedures, one can gain a vast amount of information from the natural sciences, while carrying out the scientific method or the creationist method. The scientific method is when one creates a hypothesis on something as a prediction of what is going to happen, observations and experiments are carried out. An analysis is then done afterwards which would either support or not support the hypothesis previously mentioned. For the creationist method, one makes a statement as a conclusion and then tries to back it up with facts from previous scientific experiments.